The "data repository" or "repo" is the public dataset which represents a user. It is comprised of collections of JSON records and unstructured blobs. Every repo is assigned a single permanent DID which identifies it. Repos may also have any number of domain handles which act as human-readable names.
Data repositories are signed merkle trees. Their signatures can be verified against the key material published under the repo's did.
Source: https://atproto.com/guides/glossary#data-repo